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British M-class submarine
The British Royal Navy M-class submarines were a small class of diesel-electric submarines built during World War I. The unique feature of the class design was a 12-inch (305 mm) gun mounted in a turret forward of the conning tower.
Due to the limitations imposed on submarine armament by the Washington Naval Conference, ''M2'' and ''M3'' had their guns removed. ''M2'' was converted to carry a small seaplane and ''M3'' was made into a minelayer.
==Background==
They were ordered in place of the last four of the first group of steam-propelled K-class fleet submarines, ''K17''-''K21'', the original orders being cancelled.
They were initially intended as coastal bombardment vessels, submarine monitors, but their role had been changed before detailed design begun. The intention was that merchant ships could be engaged at periscope depth or on the surface using the gun, rather than torpedoes. At that time torpedoes were considered ineffective against moving warships at more than 1,000 yards (900 m). A 12-inch gun fired at relatively short range would have a flat trajectory simplifying aiming, and few ships would be expected to survive a single hit.〔Innes McCartney "M1 and HMS Affray"〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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